Nuclear Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War Essay

Atomic Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War In 1945, an extraordinary mechanical development was dropped over Japan, the nuclear bomb. Since the time the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world has confronted the danger of atomic assault. In response to this, world governments have been compelled to discover a resistance against atomic assault. One answer for the threat of atomic assault is the utilization of atomic discouragement. Atomic prevention is the ownership and propelling of atomic weapons for the sole reason for protection and counter against an atomic assault from another nation. Atomic discouragement is the most appropriate response to the threat of atomic war, bringing about world security and the counteraction of atomic war. Nonetheless, a few people accept that the ownership of atomic weapons for discouragement is pointless, costly and excessively hazardous. Universal security might be in danger with obstruction nukes holding on to be terminated at any minutes notice. A mishap could make a discharge failure harming a huge number of individuals. A PC could have a mistake either propelling a rocket or announcing approaching rockets. On the off chance that an approaching rocket were accounted for, following stations would be immediately reached to check the report. The circumstance is resolved in just a single moment and a half (Hartinger). The possibility of an atomic weapon inadvertently being shot is improbable. At atomic war rooms, there are no catches to inadvertently push or odds of PC mistakes (Walsh 45). A mishap can't happen in light of the fact that solitary an individual can arrangement a dispatch. The President is the main man who can start an atomic dispatch in the United States. After the Presidents choice, there is a mind boggling methodology of approval codes and key going to at long last dispatch the atomic weapon ... ...num=2&catid=106&UpFront=true>. Atomic Transportation Frequently Asked Questions. American Nuclear Society. <http://www.ans.org/pi/faq/transport.html>. OECD: Electricity creation, portion of atomic [2000]. 21 November 2002. Stockholm School of Economics. <http://www.hhs.se/individual/suzuki/o-English/ee05.html>. Table of US Nuclear Warheads. Natural Resources Defense Council. 11/25/02. <http://www.nrdc.org/atomic/nudb/datab9.asp>. Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. <http://www.rw.doe.gov/progdocs/realities/transfct/transfct.htm>. USSTRATCOM Command Center. United States Strategic Command. Dec. 18, 2002. <http://www.stratcom.af.mil/factsheetshtml/commandctr.htm>. Walsh, Edward A. Atomic War Will Not Occur. Atomic War: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, 1985.

Ethics Of Trial Design Health And Social Care Essay

Thoroughly analyze the legitimate viewpoints that patients and research themes may hold of the clinical experts they experience in the clinical and test scenes. What parts of test configuration forestall pursue of the examination theme Ëœs best clinical contribution? Be each piece explicit as could reasonably be expected. Privileges of patients in clinical scenes and the privilege of research themes in the test scenes Presentation Accounts of patients who have been denied consideration or inclusion with dark and now and again lethal effects[ I ], along with a progression of frequencies in the past, for example, the Washington Post story in late 2000[ two ]( of a 1996 clinical trial led by Pfizer inquire about laborers in Kano[ three ], Nigeria, delineating the moderate expire of a 10-year-old miss referred to simply as Capable 6587-0069 while Pfizer investigate laborers, watched her perishing without changing her mediation, following the convention intended to demonstrate their anti-microbial Trovan in kids ) and the Å" Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male [ four ]has prompted 1 ) important governments taking authoritative and oversight contribution in the intercession of patients and the conduct of clinical tests, 2 ) a development of the open naming for certainty that every one of those associated with quiet hospitalization or intercession and clinical tests will put the assurance of the rights and open help of patients and human subjects over every other association and 3 ) patients and research themes envisioning and requesting certain rights. There are similitudes and unsimilarities in viewpoints that patients and research themes may hold of the clinical experts they experience in the clinical and test scenes. Similitudes Territories were likenesses exist incorporate ; 1. Rights to data Patients in clinical scenes hope to hold a privilege to data about their intercession program, for example, sort of mediation and alternatives accessible and the perils related with them, so they can do educated conclusions. Also, points in test scenes hope to be acceptable educated pretty much all aspect of a test they are going to write in, for example, the rights, advantages and dangers. This is generally done by means of a Å" Informed assent [ V ]mechanism. 2. Rights to decrease mediation or medication As an end product of the abovementioned, patients and able the same other than have rights to do of import conclusions, for example, can't, approving or holding to experience explicit clinical intercession or take any medication or participate in a test. This is conceivable through the technique of conveying between a patient and clinical practicians ( a.k.a. educated consent[ six ]) , which is non not at all like in the example of subjects in test scenes. In the two cases the clinical practician must get educated assent from the individual worried without pressure and motivating forces, using an etymological correspondence that they comprehend. The cardinal message is that assent is willful with opportunity non to partake or withdraw any clasp. 3. Rights to Confidentiality Another nation of likeness is the issue of classification. Patients in clinical scenes reserve the privilege to talk in private with clinical practicians and to hold their health consideration data ensured consistently. Correspondingly points in test scenes anticipate that clinical practicians should do rise to commissariats to secure their privateness and keep the classification of their records. Dissimilarities[ seven ] Regions of complexity in standpoints between patients in clinical scenes and themes in test scenes incorporate ; While patients expect that the aftereffect of their relationship with clinical practicians will result in the stipulation of clinical consideration, clinical tests in themes target progressing improved clinical consideration from cognizance gathered from controlled experimentation. Subjects go into tests without the odds of holding any health advantage. These tests are led on the balance that the cognizance to be picked up will be significant and henceforth warrant the dangers. On the different manus, patients acknowledge the risks of clinical intervention on the balance of conceivable health advantages to their people. The clinical practician has a fiducial obligation to patients in a clinical scene to work in their best clinical contribution. Despite what might be expected, in light of the fact that the central motivation behind clinical tests is inquire about, the clinical practician in test scene has no fiducial relationship with the themes tried out the test. Choice As opposed to Thomas Chalmers place that the example of clinical claim to fame is pretty much a similar thing as convey oning clinical research, in light of the fact that fitting to him each rehearsing doctor conducts clinical tests each twenty-four hours as he sees his patients and that Å" clinical test  inquire about is nil in excess of a formalization of this procedure[ eight ], the similitudes and unsimilarities listed above prompts one to contrast with his positions on the grounds that the unsimilarities are imperative to the point that dismissing them will follow in non seting in topographic point the correct strides to ensure the best contribution of patients or subjects are served in either the example of clinical forte or in clinical research. Parts of test structure that forestall pursue of the examination theme Ëœs best clinical contribution So as to answer this request we need to characterize among solid and non-sound voluntaries. The aspects of test structure that forestall the pursuit of the non-solid subject Ëœs best clinical inclusion during research, is the utilization of fake treatment controls, randomisation, blinding, conventions abridging mediation flexibleness, and research processs to mensurate study results during tests.[ nine ]This concerns whether a benchmark group in a test must have a similar intervention as the preliminary arm. For delineation, tests that contrasted a short class of Retrovir and fake treatment for the bar of antenatal transmittal of human immunodeficiency infection ( HIV ) disease produced extensive conflict as certain members were deliberately put at hazard.[ x ]These issues are non of worry in surveies using solid voluntaries. Another angle basic to both sound and non-solid subjects is in occurrences were there may be Å" Financial Conflicts of Interest In Clinical Research  . Noteworthy financial associations in human subjects research can show difficult issues and open themes to hazards[ xi ]. The Task Force on Financial Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research, under the assurances of the Association of American Medical Colleges, in their 2001[ xii ]study called attention to that Å" opportunities to pick up from research may effect or hope to affect an examination specialist Ëœs decisions about which subjects to engrave, the clinical consideration gave to points, even the best possible use of themes Ëœ classified wellbeing data  . Å" Fiscal associations other than compromise logical solidarity when they cultivate existent or apparent partialities in study structure, informations collection and examination, unfavorable occasion inclusion, or the introduction and distribution of research discoveries  they included.

Types of Writing Classes

Sorts of Writing Classes There is no better method to improve as an author than to pursue and take some essential composing classes.â These classes can be discovered everywhere, at neighborhood park areas or junior colleges, to online clubs, or a nearby gathering that meets week by week at a bistro to examine their work. I emphatically accept that any individual who has any genuine wants towards turning into an author, or essentially to improve their style and tone ought to be pursued these classes and meeting with other writers.â They will scrutinize your work and assist you with figuring out how to all the more successfully impart your thoughts recorded as a hard copy, which, obviously, will enable you to develop as an essayist and as an individual. I would say, the best classes are offered through schools, however they are normally considerably more costly there than anyplace else.â Try to discover a junior college where you can take a few classes at a critical rebate as opposed to a significant state college or a private school.â when all is said in done, the classes will be fundamentally less cash, and there will be less individuals in class, so you get to a greater degree a one-on-one with the instructor. Another alternative is to begin, or to locate a nearby gathering to meet with and examine your composing with.â This is hard for some individuals who aren’t sure where to look.â Indeed, these little clubs are somewhat elusive, and many don't effectively search for new individuals, so it is hard to get into regardless of whether you can discover one. The other alternative, which is frequently the best choice for a great many people, is to take on a web based composing class.â These classes are offered everywhere, frequently through schools (once more, costly), however they don't expect you to meet normally or examine face to face, since everything is done through an online gathering. Different occasions, there are sorts of composing classes which center around giving you activities and practice exercises to connect with your psyche recorded as a hard copy on things that you regularly wouldn’t consider composing about.â I for one feel that these are more useful to you than composing study bunches since they remove you from your component and power you to have a go at something absolutely new.â This can help individuals who compose just in one style by helping them understand new procedures that they can take from the new teach and apply to their own. Regardless of what sort of class you settle on, ensure you set aside the effort to go out and pursue one immediately.

Introduction To Accounting Transactions Campus Cycle Shop - 550 Words

Introduction To Accounting Transactions Campus Cycle Shop (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Part A (30 points)Record the following transactions in the basic accounting equation:a. Brian invests $10,000 cash to begin an accounting service.b. The company buys office furniture for cash, $600.c. The company buys additional office furniture on account, $300.d. The company makes a payment on the office furniture, $200.Brian's Accounting ServiceASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER'S EQUITYCash + Office Furniture = Accounts Payable + Brian's CapitalSolutionAssets=Liability+CapitalCash + Office furniture=Account payable + Brian's Capital$10,000=$10,000$600$600=$600$300=$300$200=$200Part B (40 points)The following is a list of accounts and their balances for Benson Company for the month ended June 30, 20xx. Prepare a trial balance in good form.Cash $1,370 Benson, Withdrawals $ 500Accounts Payable 770 Accounts Receivable 1,600Office Equipment 900 Service Fees 2,730Benson, Capital 1,500 Salaries Expense 630SolutionBenson CompanyTrial BalanceAs at June 20, 20(customers date)Pa rticulars=Debit+CreditCash=$1,370Account Payable=$770Office Equipment=$900Benson, Capital=$1,500Benson, Withdrawals=$500Account Receivable=$1,600Service Fee=$2,750Salaries Expense=$630$5,000$5,000Part C (30 points)The following transactions occurred during June for Campus Cycle Shop. Record the transactions below in the T accounts. Place the letter of the transaction next to the entry. Foot and calculate the ending balances of the T accounts where appropriate.a. Tyler invested $6,500 in the bike service from his personal savings account.b. Bought office equipment for cash, $900.c. Performed bike service for a customer on account, $1,000.d. Company cell phone bill received, but not paid, $80.e. Collected $500 from customer in transaction c.f. Tyler withdrew $300 for personal use.Solutiona.Tyler invested $6,500 in the bike service from his personal savings accountCash 111Capital$6,500Office Equipment$900Account payable$500Tyler's withdrawal$300Account Receivable 112Service Fee$1,000Ca sh$500C/D$500

Religious Reform in the Middle Ages - 1442 Words

Religious Reform in the Middle Ages During the middle ages there had been much controversy circling around religion, mainly around the Catholic Church. Many people felt trapped within the church, which sparked many religious ideologists to seek ways around the Catholic beliefs, and still have a relationship with God. During this age a new religion began to emerge from the Catholic faith, Protestantism, which sparked much controversy for many people living in Europe at the time. This era brought many revolutions and sparks a time of enlightenment when it came to religion. For most of the middles ages the majority of Europe was run under the Catholic Church, but it wasnt until the 16th century that critics began to question its practices†¦show more content†¦Instead of hearing the interpretation of a priest, people were able to base their own ideas on religion, which gave them a sense of freedom. After the introduction of Luther and the many that followed his theology, the Catholic Church began to reform to bring light to the Catholic Church after the harsh criticism it endured during the Protestant reform. One of the most significant orders that led Catholicism to its reform was the order of the Society of Jesuits, which was led by a Spaniard names Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556). He taught how spiritual discipline could satisfy peoples desire to reach up to God while obeying the orders of the Catholic Church. He also justified the effectiveness of saints by explaining that they are just an intermediary between people and God. This gave many a legit reason to believe the importance of saints in the Catholic Religion. Another major turning point in the Catholic reform was The Council of Trent, where church leaders all over Europe gathered to discuss the reformation of Catholicism. The council concentrated on matters that involved the clean up of clerical corruption, ignorance , and apathy. They also banned the selling of indulgences, which was one of the biggest arguments Luther had against the Catholic Church. They went against the Protestant religion by saying that the Catholic Church does not stand before God. Instead they claimed theShow MoreRelatedReligious Reform in the Middle Ages1100 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Reformation in the Middle Ages Throughout the middle ages, religion underwent much criticism and controversy. In a time where Catholicism reigned as the sole religion, ideas arose that opposed this strict faith. These ideas spawned the Protestant reform and changed religion throughout Europe. It not only changed religious practices and the path to God, but also initiated political repercussions. These results were all in search of an answer to the question to which everyone soughtRead More Christianity Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages The period from the eighth to the fourteenth century was one of vast reforms, some for the better and some for the worse. During this period in Europe, commonly known as The Middle Ages, economic reforms took place as well as social, political, and religious changes. One common theme throughout The Middle Ages consisted of the relationship between the Church and the State. The Catholic church during this era held a prominent role in society, and it had an abundant amount of powe r and authority duringRead More Middle Ages Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle Ages The history of the modern world derives from thousands of years of human history. Embedded in its history are the many eras of man which have constructed our modern learning, art, beliefs, and order. The middle ages, although represented as â€Å"dark†, backwards, and idle, were in fact a bridge linking the classical and modern world. Medieval society may not have been in a sense glorious, but the era of itself was a prime foundation of the modern world’s newfound stability, a revivalRead MoreThe Role Of Role During The Middle Eastern Modernity953 Words   |  4 PagesName Tutor Name Date The Role Played by Europeans in Middle Eastern Modernity The term modernity is widely used to refer to various changes in cultural and social norms that occurred in post-medieval Europe. The concept includes different but interrelated historical and cultural events that impacted politics, human culture, and social institutions. In simple words, modernity can be referred to as the aspect of being up to date, usually characterized by a contemporary way of thinking or living. TheRead More Monasticism And Intellectual L Essay example799 Words   |  4 Pages Religious and intellectual institutions underwent significant changes throughout the middle ages. In some cases, advances were made, and in others, there was a major decline. Through all of these times, the people of the middle ages learned what didn’t work, what did, and how to progress once they found what did work. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The true form of monasticism in the western Christian church was founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia. He wrote the famous quot;Benedict’s Rulequot;Read MoreFrom An Ontic Community To The Age Of Mobilisation1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof the secularisation theory, from traditional religious communities to the age of mobilisation, we will first take a look at his critique of traditional secularisation theorist. Finally, we will attempt to assess the place of religion today and the consequences of the first period of secularisation in the modern world. Taylor criticises the belief that secularisation was a linear phenomenon caused by scientific progress and the industrialisation age. He attributes this fallacy to the non-considerationRead MoreNo Title Now1233 Words   |  5 Pages2.3   Study   Questions    Early   (Dark)   Middle   Ages          Chapter   Fifteen,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Europe   to   the   Early   1500s:   Revival,   Decline,   and   Renaissance†          The   High   and   Late   Middle   Ages—Chapter   Fifteen    As compared to its experience in the early Middle Ages, Europe in the High Middle Ages was a. more decentralized. c. less militaristic. b. less isolated. d. more religiously diverse. Which is the best summaryRead MoreThe Middle Ages : Religion, Politics, And Warfare998 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages provides historians with various examples of concepts like kingship, church, warfare, politics, and health. Historians are able to explore events during the middle ages to determine how society operated and what mindset medieval people had. The middle ages is split into three sections early (500-1000), high or central (1000-1300), and late (1300-1500). This paper is going to delve into some similarities and differences between the high and late middle ages specifically looking atRead MoreDomesticity in 19th Century White Middle Class America Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesDomesticity in 19th Century White Middle Class America The nineteenth century marked a turning point for women in the United States. As men took work outside of the home women were left to cultivate a place that could serve as a haven from the harsh outside world. This change created a domestic sphere ru d by women; it paramounted from simple household organization to matters involving moral and religious responsibility, health, education, and social duty. Women found power in their newRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 Pagesestablished political and educational reforms, introduced a love of learning to the people of Western Europe, as well ideas of renovatio and correctio. Charles the Great, along with the rest of the Carolingians, stressed the importance of a love of learning all over the empire. In order to do this, reforms of the educational system had to be made. During this time, however, the church was heavily involved in all aspect of life, ergo secular and religious. Charlemagne, being an intelligent man

The Controversial Scientific Breakthroughs Has Been The...

Sifan Wang English 200 Professor Merle December 9, 2015 Title One of the latest scientific breakthroughs has been the success of cloning. Ever since the creation of â€Å"Dolly† the sheep at Roslin Institute, there has been increased debates on whether scientists should bump up a notch and try to clone a human. Biotechnology and science evolves day by day. New inventions and discoveries play an important part in order for a breakthrough in science. Scientists are eager to study and dig deeper into the mysteries of life, to them experimenting with cloning is a major step in fully understanding the human body and its limits. But to some, the ethics of cloning has become an important issue. Questions regarding human lives as experiments and the dangerous effects of a failed experiment confronts the issue. There are still many arguable questions regarding to cloning that needs to be answered before the legalization of cloning. So what is cloning? No, it is not the master plan created by evil scientists to take over the world. The word †˜clone’ was derived from the Greek word ‘klwn’ which means ‘twig’ (yes). Cloning in its basic form refers to the reproduction of plants and vegetation. Plants repreoduce asexually which means offspring produced will be genetically identical to the original parent (n) However, cloning is still possible in mammals, such as twins which can be the result of splitting embryo (n) Dolly and the process()n There are many opinions and debates raised aboutShow MoreRelatedThe First Human Clone : Real Stories930 Words   |  4 Pageshighlights the controversial issue of human cloning. The documentary has shown the development of a ten-cell human embryo along with explaining the science behind this extraordinary procedure. Human cloning has raised complex ethical challenges for the people involved, the healthcare staff and the society on the whole. New definitions of parents and children are created by infertility treatments and a rethinking of traditional con cepts of family is required. Human reproductive cloning should be bannedRead MoreThe Limits Of Scientific Limits1306 Words   |  6 PagesDeciding Ethicacy: The Limits to Scientific Limits Since the ideology that technological advancements impact the type of identity that individuals present, a majority of breakthrough research tends to draw towards a negative connotation. With direct correlation, Patrick Guinan, whom is a professor at the University of Missouri, discusses new technological ideas that are in research. He discusses whether or not advances in technology are ethically correct or if the results are unethical and god-likeRead MoreEssay on Ian Wilmut and the Cloning of Dolly4070 Words   |  17 PagesIan Wilmut and the Cloning of Dolly Definitions of creativity vary based on different people’s interpretations, yet most people agree that creative individuals produce new ideas that can completely change or invent a domain. According to Howard Gardner, creativity is not limited to a single domain, but is unique for all seven domains. Creativity is based on three core elements: the relationship between the child and the master, the relationship between an individual and the work in which he/sheRead MoreStem Cell Success or Moral Dilemma Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesinfringement. For many religious groups this has been a very controversial, unethical way for scientist to commit murder in the name of science. On the contrary for those riddled with diseases its a chance at a new life. Scientist have come so far over the last few decades in their research, if we now stopped researching stem cell therapy, it would be an enfeeblement to medical technology. It is very important that we find a happy medium for both sides of this controversial matter so that we may continue toRead MoreWhy Is Cloning? Living A Wonderful Life?1668 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Cloning? Imagine living a wonderful life. A life full of friends and loving relationships. A healthy life. Celebrating holidays with friends and families and finally starting to fall in love with the person might†. Then all of a sudden your wonderful life comes to a screeching halt when you go to the doctor and is diagnosed with HIV, a fatal disease with no cure. You’re now faced with countless decisions such as whether or not you want to be heavily medicated. More medications could lead toRead MoreLiving A Wonderful Life : A Life Full Of Friends And Loving Relationships1666 Words   |  7 Pagesup. Cloning could provide an efficient way to find resistance and cures to diseases while providing an option to infertile couples. Human cloning is the process of using nuclear transfer, (a process of dna transfer) to a human cell in order to grow human cells. Human cloning is necessary and inevitable and research in the fields of reproductive and therapeutic cloning should continue to develop. Human cloning should be legal because reproductive cloning is inevitable and therapeutic cloning providesRead MoreThe Use of Cloning Technologies Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Cloning Technologies The ethical debate concerning cloning that has inevitably followed since the announcement and much celebrated birth of Dolly the Sheep in 1997, is highly charged and emotive. When human cloning is mentioned it normally has negative connotations with the individual conjuring up a mental picture of a sub-human creature with an almost Frankenstein like appearance. Many people are afraid of the idea because it is a new technology and relativelyRead More The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Essay5866 Words   |  24 Pagesand the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Human cloning, long the subject of science fiction, is today a practical reality. Recent breakthroughs, most renowned the cloning of a sheep from an adult cell in Scotland in 1997, have caused the world to acknowledge that human cloning is indeed possible. Governments around the world immediately attempted to address the issue of human cloning, with varying levels of success. At the same time the pace of cloning technology continued to accelerateRead MoreThe Science Of Genetic Manipulation2094 Words   |  9 Pagesmanipulation, defines the widely misunderstood process of cloning as artificially producing an organism or cell with â€Å"The exact same chemical patterns†¦ as the original† (Cambridge 1). Currently, scientists are able to duplicate animals like mice, goats, and monkeys with reasonable success. However, this field of science is highly restricted and bottlenecked because of its legal, moral, and religious controversy, and thus the days of human cloning with success will not come around for a long time. A geneticallyRead MoreCloning Can Cause Conflicts?2627 Words   |  11 PagesCloning Can Cause Conflicts Remember the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1996? No? Dolly was the first cloned mammal and for many she symbolizes a slippery slope to a cloned human, which stimulated a discussion about the ethics and morality of human cloning. How far are scientists allowed to go, and who gives them that permission? How about the clone itself? Experiments on humans without their consent are forbidden, and cloning is exactly that. Human Cloning oversteps scientists’ boundaries and endangers

Vangogh Essay Example For Students

Vangogh Essay The rapid evolution of a style characterized by canvases filled with swirling, bright colors depictingpeople and nature is the essence of Vincent Van Goghs extremely prolific but tragically short career. Vincent Willem van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853, in Holland, son of a Dutch Protestant pastorand eldest of six children. His favorite brother Theo was four years younger. When Vincent was twelve tosixteen years old, he went to a boarding school.That next year he was sent to The Hague to work for anuncle who was an art dealer, but van Gogh was unsuited for a business career.Actually, his early interestswere in literature and religion. Very dissatisfied with the way people made money and imbued with astrong sense of mission, he worked for a while as a lay preacher among proverty-stricken miners.VanGogh represented the religious society that trained him in a poor coal-mining district in Belgium. Vincenttook his work so seriously that he went without food and other necessities so he could give more to thepoor.The missionary society objected to Vincents behavior and fired him in 1879. Heartsick, van Goghstruggled to keep going socially and fin!ancially, yet he was always rejected by o ther people, and felt lost and forsaken. Then, in 1880, at age 27, he became obsessed with art. The intensity he had for religion, he now focusedon art. His early drawings were crude but strong and full of feeling: It is a hard and a difficult struggle tolearn to draw well I have worked like a slave .His first paintings had been still lifes and scenes ofpeasants at work.That which fills my head and heart must be expressed in drawings and in picturesImin a rage of work.In 1881, he moved to Etten. He very much liked pictures of peasant life and labor. Jean-Francois Milletwas the first to paint this as a main theme and his works influenced van Gogh. His first paintings here werecrude but improving. Van Goghs progress was interrupted by an intense love for his widowed cousin KeeVos. On her decisive rejection of him he pursued her to Amsterdam, only to suffer more humiliation. Anton Mauve, a leading member of the Hague school was a cousin of van Goghs mother. Thisopportunity to be taught by him encouraged van Gogh to settle in Den Hague with Theos support.Whenvan Gogh left Den Hague in September 1883 for the northern fenland of Drenth, he did so with mixedfeelings. He spent hours wandering the countryside, making sketches of the landscape, but began to feelisolated and concerned about the future. He had rented a little attic in a house but found it melancholy, andwas depressed with the quality of his equipment. Everything is too miserable, too insufficient, toodilapidated. Physically and mentally unable to cope with these conditions any longer, he left for his parents newhome in Nuenen in December 1883. Van Gogh had a phase in which he loved to paint birds and birdsnests.This phase did not last long. It only lasted until his fathers death six months later. The FamilyBible which he painted just before leaving his house for good, six months after his fathers death in 1885,must have meant a great deal to him. Van Gogh had broken with Christianity when he was fired from themissionary which proved to be the most painful experience of his life, and one from which he never quiterecovered. At Nuenen, van Gogh gave active physical toil a remarkable reality. Its impact went far beyond whatthe realist Gustave Corbet had achieved and beyond even the quasi-religious images of Jean-FrancoisMillet. He made a number of studies of peasant hands and heads before embarking on what would be hismost important work at Nuenen. The pinnacle of his work in Holland was The Potato Eaters, a scenepainted in April 1885 that shows the working day to be over. It was the last and most ambitious painting ofhis pre-Impressionist period, 1880-1885.When van Gogh painted the The Potato Eaters, he had not yetdiscovered the importance of color. How Can Artificial Intelligence Help Us? Essay In 1888, while living at Arles, he began to use the swirling brush strokes and intense yellows, greens,and blues. He loved bright colors especially yellow because of the sun which was bright in southern Franceand he painted what he saw and felt.He painted in colors with bright hues and high value.Vincent wouldsometimes put paints on his canvas with his palette knife or right from the tube and mix it around with hisfingers which would make it quite coarse. In Arles he attached the greatest importance to his portraits,although he also painted many landscapes.Later, in 1890, he devoted his main energy to landscapepainting. In southern France van Gogh lived for a time with Paul Gauguin, whom he had met in Paris. But aftertwo months they had violent arguments, culminating in a quarrel in which van Gogh threatened Gauguinwith a razor. The same night, in a deep remorse, van Gogh cut off part of his own ear. This episode markedthe beginning of a periodic insanity that plagued him until his death. On May 8, 1889, he was admitted toSt. Rmy Hospital as a voluntary patient. Dr. Peyron interviewed him and entered in the register that vanGogh Suffers from fits which last from fifteen days to a month. During these fits the patient is victim toterrifying terrors and on several occasions has attempted to poison himself.During the intervals betweenfits he is perfectly quiet and paints ardently.He was possibly having a seizure when he threatened to killPaul Gauguin. Since his death, investigators have come to feel that his fits were due to epilepsy. Despairing of a cure and fearing !he would no longer be able to paint, van Gogh committed suicide in July 1890. He felt very deeply that artalone made his life worth living. We know a good deal about his inner life as a result of a massive, stirring and deeply movingautobiography in the form of hundreds of letters written to his brother Theo.The letters he sent to hisbrother include many eloquent descriptions of his choice of hues and the emotional meaning he attached tothem. In one of his letters to Theo he wrote the following: I do not intend to spare myself, nor to avoid emotions or difficulties Idont care much whether I livea longer or shorter timeThe world concernsme insofar as I feel a certain indebtedness and duty towardit because I have walked this earth for thirty years, and, out of gratitude, want toleave somesouvenir in the shape of drawings and pictures not made to pleasea certain taste in art, but to express asincere human feeling. I feel that he succeeded.

Yellow Wallpaper The Nameless Narrator Essays -

Yellow Wallpaper: The Nameless Narrator Erin Kate Ryan 7 November 2000 Major Women Authors Short Paper The Unnamed Woman Name, Identity and Self in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's ?The Yellow Wallpaper? Charlotte Perkins Gilman presents in the short story ?The Yellow Wallpaper? a narrator of dubious identity. If a reader infers that the reference at the end of the story to ?Jane? is indeed self-reflexive, a dichotomy between the Jane of which she speaks and the character who creeps about the room becomes apparent. This division within the single heroine can be best understood when viewed as such: within this nameless speaker are in fact two women, and as the actions of one recede the other becomes dominant. Indeed, the reader sees two separate identities, or selves, within the narrator's captive body: the proper-Jane persona, the suitably-named, dutiful and lucid wife of Dr. John; and the nameless, savage and hysterical woman, a reflection of whom the raconteur sees lurking behind the wallpaper's exterior pattern. As proper-Jane's affectations dissipate, those of her unsociable doppelganger fluidly fill in the gaps in the speaker's psyche. The protagonist in ?The Yellow Wallpaper? provides the reader with very few concrete details of her person. She is a woman: mother, daughter, sister, cousin, sister-in-law and physician's wife. She is an ?ordinary? person. She is?if one were to attempt a succinct moniker?Mrs. John. Yet, this Mrs. John?this mother, this wife, this Jane?gradually discards the traits which adorn a decorous woman of society. The primal, villainous character Mrs. John becomes at the end of the story embodies everything that is not acceptable in Victorian society. She neglects her child, abandons her household ?duties? , becomes increasingly paranoid and believes that she knows her medical condition better than her doctors. In addition to her near-maniacal obsession with the yellow wallpaper, the speaker begins staying awake all night and sleeping through the day. She at times creeps about during the daytime, an action she admits is hardly commonplace. The narrator also adopts a cynical and distrustful stance regarding John and her sister-in-law Jennie (?It does not do to trust people too much? ), an attitude that certainly does not befit a na?ve and delicate gentlewoman of the time. The trademark of a gentlewoman, her good name?upon which relies her reputation?is the first casualty of the speaker's progression into her second self. Due to the customs of the narrator's 19th century patriarchal society, her surname (which, of course, was her father's) was taken from her at marriage. Yet, although Mrs. John's last name is important to her proper-Jane persona, she had no agency in its replacement with that of her husband's. So while this partial loss of legal identity may be a factor in the speaker's transition of self, it is not an injury exclusive to this story's heroine. However, throughout the context of the story, the reader sees John further attempt to steal from the narrator her given name as well. In endowing her with the pet names ?darling,? ?little girl? and ?blessed little goose,? he succeeds in perpetuating the separation of his wife's sense of self from her name and its corresponding identity. Indeed, humans, pets and even inanimate objects (e.g. cars, boats and estates) are given proper names. To relinquish from the protagonist her name is to effect a form of debasement, and to place her beneath even a favorite dog. It follows that this defilement may be a cause in the narrator's creeping about, an act that is not only animalistic, but which places her physical self as low as her emotional self has been ordered. In addition, John even goes so far as to address the speaker in the third person (?'Bless her little heart!' said he with a big hug, ?she shall be as sick as she pleases!'? ), effectively creating a split between his frail and proper wife, and the woman to whom he is speaking. This is a step the narrator later takes herself, saying, ?'I've got out at last?in spite of you and Jane.'? Once her names are stripped from her, the protagonist is left with no concise description of her personal identity. She attempts to give a name to her developing condition, her emerging self, and is halted mid-sentence by John. ?'I beg

Hollywood Essay Example

Hollywood Essay Example Hollywood Essay Hollywood Essay Hollywood Avail and Hoc argue that Hollywood develops as a control of industry in specific geographical areas. Hoc doesnt discuss films because she is not a reader of films but her work suggests that we think about films as produced fantasies in specific spaces. The most obvious connection between film and one of those produced spaces is Disneyland. Villas work doesnt talk about whats in Disneyland but I believe it consists of controlled space in which the Disney fantasy has been created. I am going to establish the relationship between fantasy/space using Hoc, Brandy ND Ross, look at the place that most exemplifies this relationship Disneyland, and use the movie Who Framed Rodgers Rabbit that puts these two ideas together and points out that they are linked back to consumerism. Hoc states that merely looking at changes in spatial organization is not enough to explain Just how Hollywood was able to develop itself into the epicenter of film. She suggests we consider the power relations between the merchants and manufacturers; in particular, the shift from a producer driven to merchant dominated industry. Hoc states that Hollywood became Hollywood because its birth incited with the rise of consumerism. Hollywood became linked with consumerism; it became a place where people linked several different aspects of the geographic location to Hollywood. There was the stars that lived around Hollywood, the studio lots that made the films possible, the geography of the land that had attracted the production companies initially. Leo Brandy for example acknowledges that Hollywood came to become Hollywood when cinema finally gained the respect it wanted as a business and art form but Brandy argues that Hollywood really became Hollywood when it merged business tit a place and location. It seems to me that Hollywood consolidated its stars, production and exhibition in order to create a brand, that it otherwise would not have had (Brandy 54). Hollywood became a place associated with a brand created in order to lure those apt to consume in a consumer society. Hollywood began with its advertising of real estate and health that brought early settlers to Southern California as a vision and place for self betterment and health as it was mentioned in lecture. As a movie business Hollywood took these early myths and created an even more enhanced fantasy of personal attainment even though very few movie theaters were actually produced in Hollywood and only a few stars actually lived there. Steven Ross How Hollywood Became Hollywood indicates that Hollywood is a place, an icon, and idea that has established it as a symbol that represented a place of dreams worldwide. It became a symbol that represented a physical place but also a metaphysical life represented false rhetoric of endless opportunities for individuals to become part of the glamorous life that many stars were part of. Studios and exclusive films that mirrored the life of the more leisured and well to do citizenry, that that would accelerate Hollywood new class visions (269 Ross). Walt Disney had his very own class vision, as mentioned in lecture Disney wanted to create a place that would attract well to do white nuclear families that included a father, mother, a son and a daughter. Disneyland debuted in 1955 as the antithesis to Coney Island and its urban counterparts. Avail states that Disneyland was ordered to contrast with the chaos of the modern city and intimate enough to counter, the limitless sprawl of Southern Californians expanding urban region. Disneyland was said to present a compact, reassuring model of order that resembled an updated version of the Progressives better city (Avail). Disney addresses urban problems (Crime, transportation, waste, relationship of work and leisure, transience of populations, hegemony of the simulacrum buts its not an urban environment. Visitors to the park are citizens but not residents, who roam through the park consuming the cartoon utopia and compare it to their homes. Park visitors compared their homes to the park, it must eave something to do with how clean and orderly everything is in the park, theres no crime, no homeless people on the streets, the urban atmosphere is taken away and more of a small town feel to it although its located in one of the busiest cities in the world. It seems to me that the park is a fantasy of controlled space, the park is like a small city which disconnects its visitors from the reality of life outside of the park there is crime and grime in cities in Disneyland this isnt visible because it is being controlled, employees are told to keep the park clean in order for it to be the better itty (Avail). Main Street USA worked to uphold Disneys faith in the virtues of small town America and symbolized a nostalgia retreat from the decadence of a noir city. It seems to me that the Progressives better city model in Disneyland was aimed to control the excess of urban culture through regulation and supervision. Disneyland was a controlled space. Disneyland was unlike Coney Island which highlighted the cultural landscape and paragon of industrial arbitration in turn of the century New York ad reflected the growing class diversity of the modern industrial city as well as encompassing the its tremendous growing class diversity (Avail). Disney felt that values were lost in the chaos of Coney Islands urban modernity. Im not arguing that he made Disneyland out of Jealousy but instead he created it because he was so obsessed with controlling whether people were holding onto their values and making sure there wasnt a mixing of classes like in the example of Coney Island where Victorian respectability wasnt important. He created a fantasy world inside of Disneyland where he was able to control who was able to come to the park, its located in a action where you need a vehicle in order to get to and if you couldnt afford a vehicle or the price for a ticket you werent able to enter the park. It was controlled in the sense that only those that could afford making the trip to Disneyland, afford a car and park expenses was able to obtain the experience of the fantasy land unlike Coney Island which was available to all classes of people. This created the sense of a see this spectacle or fantastical as I think of it. Michael Sirloins See you in Disneyland was discussed in another one of Professor Morons classes that outlines how Disneyland was on the inside something Avail doesnt talk much about in her piece in A Rage for Order. Corking mentions that Disneyland was a highly regulated and sterilized experience that stands in for the undisciplined complexities of normal life. Security and surveillance were said to be all housed underground as an apparatus for keeping every urban problem out of sight (Corking). Disney seems unreal, no wonder visitors to the park compared it to their homes, and if a person from a very urban environment visits Disneyland of rouser they be intrigue d I know I would. If everything around me is neat and orderly Id want to live in such an area but is it possible. Personally I dont think its possible, Disneyland creates this fantasy that its possible for a city to be so orderly but in reality, it wouldnt be possible to watch and keep order in order to make sure nothing messes up the utopia city. Avail begins by talking about Coney Island the complete opposite of Disneyland. Its located in New York in a very urban environment; it highlighted the cultural landscape and paragon of industrial arbitration (Avail). She doesnt really go into detail about specific examples of what Disneyland enforced for example Sirloins piece discussed the reasoning behind everyone having to circulate on foot around the park. He says the car although it was the generator of LA it was also the problem it repressed pedestrians and its happy random encounters which is why Disney created an auto-free zone. Although Disney removed automobiles from the park itself, it was the automobile and the making of the freeway that attracted visitors to the park. Disneyland was centered around consumerism if it werent for consumerism it wasnt Seibel for it to be so successful. The freeway was vital to the success of Disneyland that it even earned a spot inside the park. In the parks 1955 opening a Utopia in Tomorrows was a real model freeway that had everything to do with Disneyland. In order to get to Disneyland a freeway had to be constructed, because there was a freeway made people were able to drive their cars from their suburban homes into the city and then to Disneyland where they were able to consume all the things made available to them inside the park. I havent been to Disneyland but have heard a lot bout it and often people say that their isnt a chance that you can get past the first attraction of the park which is Main Street USA a copy of what a small town America should look like (clean, organized, and a better version of a city). Who Framed Roger Rabbit the movie becomes a land in Disneyland called Ton Town which is about the culmination of the control of space, the Disney fantasy, and consumerism. Disney was able to control space by creating a utopia American town, with its own rules and regulations. Ton town was the complete opposite; it was Hattie, immoral and not right Just, as Coney Island didnt seem right in the eyes of Walt. Ton Town was a product of consumerism, people wanted to watch movies that included the tons because they were funny, they were oblivious to the idea that they talked about the plan to create a freeway right through Ton Town and how many automobiles would use it and how people could get from one place to another. Disneyland needed the freeway, because there was no other way people could get to the park if it werent for automobiles and the freeway. This links back to mesmerism, Disneyland used Who Framed Roger Rabbit as a way to introduce the freeway and the important of having this pathway for cars to drive upon in order to reach certain destinations. It all links back to consumerism, the controlled space, and the fantasy of living in a clean American town. Consumerism included visiting Disneyland, driving on a freeway that would take you to the park that exemplified itself as the utopia city that highlighted the fantasy of Disney, and visiting the place, which was the epicenter of the film industry along with having an amazing landscape.

The Transcendent Legacies of Hinduism and Confucianism Essay

The Transcendent Legacies of Hinduism and Confucianism - Essay Example Piety in This World 4 Confucianism may, in practice, be an intricate system of moral, philosophical and social thought but it has long held the status of a religion in China as Hinduism has for hundreds of millions in India and throughout Southeast Asia. For many, the comparison between the two begins and ends there. Hinduism is, after all, a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities in which reincarnation plays a prominent role. Salvation only comes after the soul is at long last freed from the cycle of birth and death. For adherents of Confucianism, the journey toward perfection happens in life and can be judged based on the extent to which an individual attains strong moral and social development during life. Whereas Hinduism holds the promise of eternal reward for the worthy soul, Confucianism teaches that living a life in which one serves others holds its own rewards. â€Å"The superior man can achieve complete self-realization only in his public vocation. It might indeed be stated that a commitment to public service – even when such service is unattainable – forms one of the basic criteria distinguishing the Confucian ideal of self-cultivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wright, 1959). The other side of this proposition is that society can only be brought into balance when men who have attained a state of self-realization serve the community, in official capacities, as sages (Ibid). Service to one’s fellow man is also an important tenet of Hinduism. The cycle of death and rebirth can be broken and nirvana attained by acting ethically and charitably toward others; by seeking wisdom; through meditation; and by renouncing worldly possessions. Hindus believe that when a person dies, the moral weight of their actions dictate what becomes of them in...For many, the comparison between the two begins and ends there. Hinduism is, after all, a polytheistic religion with thousands of deities in which reincarnation plays a prominent role. Salvation onl y comes after the soul is at long last freed from the cycle of birth and death. For adherents of Confucianism, the journey toward perfection happens in life and can be judged based on the extent to which an individual attains strong moral and social development during life. Whereas Hinduism holds the promise of eternal reward for the worthy soul, Confucianism teaches that living a life in which one serves others holds its own rewards. â€Å"The superior man can achieve complete self-realization only in his public vocation. It might indeed be stated that a commitment to public service – even when such service is unattainable – forms one of the basic criteria distinguishing the Confucian ideal of self-cultivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wright, 1959). The other side of this proposition is that society can only be brought into balance when men who have attained a state of self-realization serve the community, in official capacities, as sages (Ibid). Service to one’s fellow man is also an important tenet of Hinduism. The cycle of death and rebirth can be broken and nirvana attained by acting ethically and charitably toward others; by seeking wisdom; through meditation; and by renouncing worldly possessions. Hindus believe that when a person dies, the moral weight of their actions dictate what becomes of them in their new incarnation.

Knowledge Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge Workers - Essay Example The Singapore example throws ample light on the situation arising with knowledge workers. Singapore was a manufacturing economy until changes in economy began taking shape in the last decades of the 20th century. Countries such as China, India and Korea emerged with better skills to manage the changes in economy (Judy, Richard W; 2002, p32). "In Singapore, most of its policies and practices are centred towards the incorporation of technology . This implies that majority of their employees receive very little attention. What this does is that employees are not motivated to improve. They do not tap all their potential and end up underperforming" (Smith, Carolyn; 2010). The Singaporean example highlights the need to maintain an open policy to changes so that changes could be incorporated when needed. The mindset even in the management was not conducive to change because of the working culture that prevailed at the critical time (Smith, Carolyn; 2010). Changes did take place, but rather slowly. The government changed the Ministry of Labor to Ministry of Manpower. Once the steps to reforms were introduced at the top level, the rest of the changes happened in due course. Changes in economy happened when the Singaporean government looked to emigrants from Canada, the United States, China, India, Malaysia and other growing economies to make up for the shortage in skilled knowledge workers. "In May 1997, the Committee on Singapore's Competitiveness (CSC) set out to critically assess Singapore's economic competitiveness in the early twenty-first century, taking into consideration global trends and development of existing and emerging competition. The CSC was tasked to identify the problem areas and propose appropriate strategies and policies with a view to maintaining and strengthening Singapore's competitive position" (Judy, Richard W; 2002, p32). The CSC decided to "develop in the next ten years into an advanced and globally competitive knowledge economy, with manufacturing and services as the twin engines of growth. In a knowledge economy, the basis for competitiveness will be the capabilities and intellectual capital to absorb, process and apply knowledge" (Judy, Richard W; 2002, p33). With aging economy and culture, it was not possible for Singapore to transform their economy without importing manpower skilled in intellectual applications. The importance of knowledge workers is currently felt because of the exponential growth of information technology. This growth has left a vacuum and this vacuum can be filled involving knowledge workers (Davenport, Thomas H; 2005). There cannot be any doubt that the knowledge worker occupies a privileged position as worker. Classified as a knowledge worker, he or she is supposed to be knowledgeable in his or her stream and capable of handling a project that come under his or her capabilities. Indeed, the situation is such that

Development from Birth - 19 Years Essay Example for Free

Development from Birth 19 Years Essay The aspects of development are defined as Physical, Social Emotional, Language and Intellectual. There are different stages of development for each category, 0-3 years, 3-7 years, 7-12 years and 12-19 years. All children will follow the same pattern of development but at different rates and will reach their milestones at different times. Physical During the 0-3 year period a child’s physical development will see them start to move and react to memorable sounds and voices. They recognise people, reach for brightly coloured or noisy items. Their ability to move begins with rolling over, moves to crawling, shuffling and finally the ability to walk. Fine motor skills will also increase, from being able to hold and shake interesting objects to using crayons to scribble and make marks. They will use body language to communicate, such as shaking the head to indicate ‘NO’. As they move into years 3-7 their skills become more refined, they will be able to walk up and down stairs, catch a ball, use paints. Then they will learn to pedal a bike start to draw basic pictures of people or houses. Movement continues to improve and they become confident at climbing and jumping and their fine motor skills allow them to write more clearly, sew and manage shoe laces. By ages 7-12 years children are generally able to hit a ball and participate in team sports although their ability may not meet their own expectations at first. During adolescence physical development becomes more about appearance and the process of puberty. Whilst girls begin this process earlier than boys all children will develop as individuals. This can be a very difficult time for teenagers, with insecurities about they way they look and how they compare to their peers. Some will suffer anxiety at some point and worry about being a late or early developer. Social and Emotional Social and emotional development begins by showing affection and becoming attached to parents or carers and becoming what we usually call ‘clingy’. Young children may become distressed when a parent leaves the room or is not in sight. Slightly older children may demand attention and use tantrums to get their own way. They will generally be easily distracted from unwanted behaviour. By age 2-3 years children enjoy playing with older people who provide them with attention and begin to enjoy time with children their own age. Over the next few years the child becomes more independent and coopertative and likes to help. They develop social skills and play with others is more comfortable as they begin to consider the feelings of others and make friends, although resolving disputes can still be an issue. Rules and routine are required to help the child feel secure and safe. In later years the child becomes less dependant on their parents and moves closer to their peers. They develop a sense of right and wrong by may still adult intervention to settle arguments. They become aware of their gender and normally prefer the company of their own sex. Their behaviour differs with their emotions depending upon circumstance. In the final stages of development puberty creates feelings of self-consciousness and insecurity about body image. Behaviour is very unsettled as they sway between the feelings of being a child and wanting to be an adult. Friendships become stronger and adolescents depend less on the parents. They are much more aware of the opposite sex and need to fit in social with their peer group. People of this age begin to think about their social environment and may start to form strong opinions about community, politics and religion. Language In the early stages of development language is more about making sounds to show feelings. Babies watch others to learn facial movements to help them to begin making their own sounds and will turn towards sound they hear. From making sounds, words develop and gradually increase in number. They begin to understand key words spoken to them and will repeat back what they hear building from single words, to phrases and then sentences. Children’s ability to understand develops faster than the ability to speak and this can cause frustration with not being able to express themselves. During the 3-7 year period children begin to question things more intently, use more accurate grammar and their vocabulary increases dramatically. Reading skills start to develop, first recognising a few frequently seen words and understanding stories and books. During the Key Stage 1 years learning and recognising letters and the sounds they make develops into reading and later into writing. The next stages of language development involves the vocabulary increasing further and learning to spell more difficult words. Adult interaction is important to help children learn fluency and progress towards telling more complicated stories and the correct use of grammar and tenses. During adolescence language becomes more mature and logical thinking begins to develop. They can be sarcastic and begin to experiment with humour or may wish to publicly demonstrate their new found skills. Intellectual Early intellectual development involves copying others through play and testing different styles of behaviour. Young children also begin to recognise that all people are separate from themselves. Next comes the ability to understand instructions and recognise things that are similar, for example, shapes and colours. Between 5-7 years children start to become aware of their environment and understand what is means when things are different or the same. Next a child will develop their own interests and reading becomes a skill used for entertainment. Finally the mind matures and young people learn responsibility for their own thoughts and actions. They begin to think about their future lives and things they might like to do like, jobs, marriage and children. The ability to make connections between pieces of information and the world around them also matures. The speed of development at this stage very much depends upon the amount of guidance received. The more guidance a person gets the quicker they are able to reflect upon how things relate to in practice to their lives. An individuals personal identity is formed from the things they learn at this stage which should be more moral and cultural. Adolescents begin to take more responsibility away from their parents with regard to managing their finances, employment and their personal relationships and becomes complete during adulthood.

Portents of the Monotheocracy in The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Handmaid

Portents of the Monotheocracy in The Handmaid's Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   American society has had certain cultural and political forces which have proliferated over the past few decades-described as the return to traditional Christian values. Television commercials promoting family values followed by endorsements from specific denominations are on the rise. As the public has become more aware of a shift in the cultural and political climate through the mass media, Margaret Atwood, in writing The Handmaid's Tale, could have been similarly affected by this growing awareness of the public consciousness. This may have led Atwood to write of a bleak future for the country where a new regime is established and one religion becomes so powerful as to take over the nation by a military coup, subjugating women into archaic stereotypical female roles.            Two of these forces, as reflected in the novel, are misogyny among Christian men and the rising political power of the Religious Right. Both are insidious because the real agendas are often couched in the authority of the Bible, and both serve to oppress women and their rights. Christian misogyny, like the brainwashing at the Red Center and ceremonial scripture readings preceding sexual intercourse in The Handmaid's Tale, keeps its foothold on the necks of women by distorting the meaning of Biblical scripture. In the case of the Religious Right, its tenets would abridge not only some of women's rights, such as the availability of abortion, but would also infringe on religious freedom for all Americans. In its forays into the political system, more recently through its Christian Coalition, the Religious Right, like Christian misogynists, interprets scripture to support its movement to meet... ...at Robertson's Agenda for America: a Marriage of Religion and Politics." USA Today. July 1996. 30. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1985. Boston, Robert. Why the Religious Right is Wrong: About Separation of Church and State. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books, 1993. Doerr, Edd. "Pat Robertson's Agenda for America: a Marriage of Religion and Politics." USA Today. July, 1996. 30 Gushee, Steve. "TV Series Chronicles Rise of Religious Right." The Palm Beach Post. September 27, 1996. 1F. Rinck, Margaret. Christian Men Who Hate Women. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Pyranee Books, 1990. Trotter, F. Thomas. "Bible Frequently Quoted Carelessly for Political Points." The Nashville Banner. September 28, 1995. A7. Wallsten, Peter. "Church Meets State." St. Petersburg Times. February 16, 1997. 1D.   

Women as Commodity

WOMEN AS COMMODITY Women As Commodity Since ancient times, There people who are being sold just like a mere things sold in a market to be slaves, pimp, and it's quiet alarming that even naive child is a victim of this kind of discursive life. Women have been also analyzed to be part of those bundles of things paraded, bidded for, sold, and traded off despite the fact that women are making huge contributions for the development of their countries in different aspects today, still women are being tricked as commodity.In Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, not only focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the measurement of a woman's worth. In women in the story interprets Shakespeare's viewpoint about women state before. â€Å"That women were treated as commodities on the early modern marriage exchange has, of course, been well established.Numerous social historians of the early modern period have documented the value attached to daughters as a means by which to advance family name and social position. Although marriage formations differed widely according to social ranking, as B. J. Sokol and Mary Sokol note in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, â€Å"the convention among the gentry and aristocracy was for marriages to be arranged by families with a view to securing advantages or alliances, conforming to a patriarchal model. †Numerous early modern conduct manuals and sermons, in fact, warn that a woman’s worth was linked to her chastity, a worth which could be lost or diminished due to real or, in the case of Shakespeare’ Hero, perceived sexual indiscretion. Commercial Surrogacy and the redefinition of Motherhood The childbearing days are no longer a required element in the reproductive period for some. Commercial surrogacy has ope ned the doors for many who can’t bear children of their own. Surrogate motherhood has increased notoriety as means for obtaining children.A commercial surrogate mother is paid to produce a child for someone else and then has to give up all parental rights and love for the child, she then, has to allow others to raise the child as if their own. This behavior has raised many concerns about the suitable scope of the market in commercial surrogacy. Some totally object to commercial surrogacy because the children and women’s reproductive ability are treated as a commodity like children as buyer durables and women as baby factories. Since the 1970s, there has been rapid and wide ranging development in the field of new reproductive technologies (NRT).With donor insemination (DI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), previously infertile couples have been given new hope and the chance to have children. A more recent addition to these new methods of reproduction has been the combin ation of DI and IVF with surrogate mother arrangements. This technique has subtly changed the realm of reproduction, for with the addition of a third party (the surrogate) to the reproductive environment, the nature of motherhood, fatherhood, and the allocation of parental rights and duties has come into question.Before the advent of NRTs, there were essentially two forms of motherhood recognized in Western society, the biological and the social mother. Except for adoption, fostering, or step parenting, the biological mother was assumed to also be the social mother. This is not surprising, as motherhood has never been ambiguous; one might not know who one’s father was, but one’s mother’s identity was rarely in question.However, before women were granted legal personhood (1929 in Canada), a child’s legal guardian or parent was the father (based on property rights arguments); historically, illegitimate children were not considered to have a legal parent, ei ther mother or father. Surrogate Mothers Assisted reproduction has contributed to the fragmentation of motherhood. Historically, the social and biological aspects of motherhood resided in one person. Maternity is now divisible into genetic, gestational, and social otherhood, and these roles can be spread among a number of women. This division is most apparent in the case of surrogate mothers, where at least three (and possibly as many as five) women can attempt to claim parental rights over a child. â€Å"If Mrs. A is infertile and Mrs. B agrees to provide ova to be fertilized in vitro with semen from Mr. A, and embryos are transferred to Mrs. C, who agrees to carry the baby to term and hand it over to Mrs. A and her husband after birth, the situation becomes extremely complex and the basic tenets of family law uncertain. This situation creates the potential for enormous conflict over who should be considered the ‘mother’ and has the concomitant parental rights and res ponsibilities for the child. For example, in the Baby M case, there was a conflict between two conceptions of ‘motherhood’, the legal (commissioning mother) and the biological (surrogate mother). Surrogacy breaks down and devolves the role of mother, separating the social and nurturing part of motherhood from the genetic contribution and the birthing process. Commercialization and ExploitationWhile surrogacy in general raises a host of social and ethical problems, I believe that commercial surrogacy in particular can crystallize the difficulties that many people have with surrogacy, and help us get to the core of how surrogacy affects our understanding of motherhood. Commercialization, and its use of market rhetoric, treats surrogacy as a service arrangement between a number of individuals, leading to the creation of a product and the transfer of rights to that product. In the law in the U. S. , this is represented in the form of contracts signed by the commissioning co uple and the surrogate mother.In exchange for between $10,000 and $15,000, the surrogate mother (and usually her partner) agree to abstain from intercourse for a number of months, submit to regular and extensive medical exams, and agree to transfer parental rights to the couple once the child is born. Women As Commodity Moral Issues A Korean movie, Surrogate Mothers, told of a young poor girl chosen by the members of the nobility to be the bank for the sperm of the noble son who could not impregnate his barren wife. Her mother was also a surrogate mother before.After delivering the baby, she developed that material attachment to the child. However, she was not allowed to experience cuddling that baby as she had to be banished right away from the palace to keep the deal a secret from the public. She was paid with each and an acre of land for her service. She commits suicide for she can't accept her situation. In India,many women are being burned by their mothers-in-law and husbands f or not being able to pay the dowry completely. The dowry is the amount of money paid to the groom's parents for allowing him to marry the girl.The costs of marrying off daughters have become so expensive in India today reaching as high as 500,000 rupees. Thus amniocentesis or sex determination of t he child in the womb is being sought by couples to know if it is female or male. Many female fetuses have been killed because of this method as couples whom prefer sons. One Indian said: â€Å"It is better to spend 500 rupees (for amniocentesis) now than to spend 500,000 rupees later for a daughter's marriage dowry. † Japenese women feminists have decried thir countrymen who leave their wives walking ten feet behind him, thereby also treating them like commodities.Here in the Philippines, we have a history of various types of commodizing women too. Some landlords require their tenants to make their daughters or wives work in their mansions to render domestic services, maybe sometim es sexual services too, in cases when the tenant fathers are sunk in debt to them and cannot pay back. Wilhelmina Orozco learned on a research how some prostitutes in Olongapo suffer double exploitation when they cannot refuse their manager's demanding sexual favors for them, lest they lose their chances of working in his nightclub.Even some orphanages engage in commodizing women. Their administrators trick the parents of rich pregnant women, ashamed of the stigma attached to unwed mothers, or those poor women into donating their babies to them which they then sell off to rich donors abroad. The term donation instead of payment for the baby becomes a smokescreen to cover up the commerce. Conclusion The concept of surrogate motherhood is becoming very accepted way of infertile couples to have a child of their own. Although it is an act of love, it also involves financial aid.Surrogate mothers are obviously paid for bearing a child inside their wombs. A couple who wants to hire a serv ice of a surrogate mother must also consider the kind of personality of the surrogate mother. We all know that the genes have larger effect on the baby’s personality someday. Women are now expected to function merely as reproductive vehicles, birth mothers with no identity apart from being a suitcase to carry the child, how far can they be pushed into invisibility? How far can we ignore their moral status? It is not the intention of this report to suggest that surrogacy is wrong or unethical.There are serious problems involved, and these are partly moral, legal and partly ethical. Any attempt to legalize surrogacy, commercial or otherwise, must take into account the above implications. A failure to consider the ethical implications of surrogate motherhood, commercial or otherwise, are to show a lack of concern for another being (a surrogate mother). HUMAN TRAFFICKING Human Trafficking Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal activities in the world, a phenomen on that has been said to be driven by the same forces that drive the globalization of markets.The breadth of the problem is immense and the statistics that outline the prevalence of trafficking in the world today give significant cause for concern. The scope of this global problem is exponentially increasing, and this has been recognized to be in part due to the worldwide increase in poverty that has been caused by the global financial crisis. Slowly and painfully a picture is emerging of a global crime that shames us all. Billions of dollars are being made at the expense of millions of victims of human trafficking. Boys and girls who should be at school are coerced into becoming soldiers, doing hard labor or sold for sex.Women and girls are being trafficked for exploitation: forced into domestic labor, prostitution or marriage. Men, trapped by debt, slave away in mines, plantations, or sweatshops. How can such a trade in human beings occur in the 21st century? Because it is a low r isk reward crime. In many countries, the necessary laws are not in place, or they are not properly enforced —too often traffickers are let off with a slap on the wrist, and victims are treated as criminals. Unscrupulous traffickers exploit the poverty, hope and innocence of the vulnerable.Victims become dehumanized and enslaved—forced to produce cheap goods or provide services over and over again. They live in fear, many become victims of violence. Their blood, sweat and tears are on the hands of consumers in the developed world. What Is Human Trafficking? Human Trafficking is defined in the Trafficking Protocol as â€Å"the recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation. † The definition on trafficking consists of three core elements: ) The  action  of trafficking which means the recruitment, transporta tion, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons 2) The  means  of trafficking which includes threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability 3) The  purpose  of trafficking which is always exploitation. In the words of the Trafficking Protocol, article 3 â€Å"exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.To ascertain whether a particular circumstance constitutes trafficking in persons, consider the definition of trafficking in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the constituent elements of the offense, as defined by relevant domestic legislation. How Is Human Trafficking Different From Migrant Smuggling? †¢ Consent – migrant smuggling, while often undertaken in dangerous or degrading conditions, involves consent. Trafficking victims, on the other hand, have either never consented or if they initially consented, that consent has been rendered meaningless by the coercive, deceptive or abusive action of the traffickers. Exploitation – migrant smuggling ends with the migrants' arrival at their destination, whereas trafficking involves the ongoing exploitation of the victim. †¢ Transnationality – smuggling is always transnational, whereas trafficking may not be. Trafficking can occur regardless of whether victims are taken to another state or moved within a state's borders. †¢ Source of profits – in smuggling cases profits are derived from the transportation of facilitation of the illegal entry or stay of a person into another county, while in trafficking cases profits are derived from exploitation.The distinctions between smuggling and trafficking are often very subtle and sometimes they overlap. Identifying whether a case is one of human trafficking or migrant smuggling and related c rimes can be very difficult for a number of reasons: Some trafficked persons might start their journey by agreeing to be smuggled into a country illegally, but find themselves deceived, coerced or forced into an exploitative situation later in the process (by e. g. being forced to work for extraordinary low wages to pay for the transportation). Traffickers may present an ‘opportunity' that sounds more like smuggling to potential victims.They could be asked to pay a fee in common with other people who are smuggled. However, the intention of the trafficker from the outset is the exploitation of the victim. The ‘fee' was part of the fraud and deception and a way to make a bit more money. Smuggling may be the planned intention at the outset but a ‘too good to miss' opportunity to traffic people presents itself to the smugglers/traffickers at some point in the process. Criminals may both smuggle and traffic people, employing the same routes and methods of transporting t hem.The relationship between these two crimes is often oversimplified and misunderstood; both are allowed to prosper and opportunities to combat both are missed. It is important to understand that the work of migrant smugglers often results in benefit for human traffickers. Smuggled migrants may be victimized by traffickers and have no guarantee that those who smuggle them are not in fact traffickers. In short, smuggled migrants are particularly vulnerable to being trafficked – combating trafficking in persons requires that migrant smuggling be addressed as a priority.What Is The Role Of Transnational Organized Crime Groups In Human Trafficking? Trafficking is almost always a form of organized crime and should be dealt with using criminal powers to investigate and prosecute offenders for trafficking and any other criminal activities in which they engage. Trafficked persons should also be seen as victims of crime. Support and protection of victims is a humanitarian objective a nd an important means of ensuring that victims are willing and able to assist in criminal cases. As with other forms of organized crime, trafficking has globalized.Groups formerly active in specific routes or regions have expanded the geographical scope of their activities to explore new markets. Some have merged or formed cooperative relationships, expanding their geographical reach and range of criminal activities. Trafficking victims have become another commodity in a larger realm of criminal commerce involving other commodities, such as narcotic drugs and firearms or weapons and money laundering that generates illicit revenues or seeks to reduce risks for traffickers.The relatively low risks of trafficking and substantial potential profits have, in some cases, induced criminals to become involved as an alternative to other, riskier criminal pursuits. With the adoption of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplemen ting the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime in November 2000, countries have begun to develop the necessary criminal offences and enforcement powers to investigate, prosecute and punish traffickers and to confiscate their profits, but expertise and resources will be needed to make the new measures fully effective.Risks are further reduced by the extent to which victims are intimidated by traffickers, both in destination countries, where they fear deportation or prosecution for offences such as prostitution or illegal immigration, and in their countries of origin, where they are often vulnerable to retaliation or re-victimization if they cooperate with criminal justice authorities. The support and protection of victims is a critical element in the fight against trafficking to increase their willingness to cooperate with authorities and as a necessary means of rehabilitation. Is There A Legal Instrument To Tackle Human Trafficking?The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2000 and entered into force on 25 December 2003. The Trafficking Protocol, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only international legal instrument addressing human trafficking as a crime and falls under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 1) The purposes of the Trafficking Protocol are: 2) To prevent and combat trafficking in persons 3) To protect and assist victims of trafficking, and ) To promote cooperation among States Parties in order to meet these objectives. The Trafficking Protocol advances international law by providing, for the first time, a working definition of trafficking in persons and requires ratifying States to criminalize such practices. What Are The Major Challenges Faced In The Battle Against Human Trafficking? A number of points can be made: †¢ It is important that every effort is undertaken to establish the gravity of the problem and tackle the issue from the source to destination. What numbers are available show the problem has not abated and is not likely to.One of the challenges relates to the gathering of accurate information in order that a true picture of the phenomenon can be gauged. In this respect, some progress has been made but more needs to be done. †¢ From UNODC's work across the criminal justice sector, we are fully aware that human trafficking is often only one activity of extensive and highly sophisticated international crime networks. †¢ We need to ensure that, despite the many conflicting priorities faced by member states that the issue of countering human trafficking is clearly given a high priority and focus by the international community. We need to consider the type of action that can be taken to raise awareness of the problem and take steps to prevent trafficking at source (reference to UNODC public service announcements). †¢ A major challenge is to ensure that action is taken to ratify and effectively implement the Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. †¢ Improving international cooperation and coordination, particularly in relation to developing information exchange and operational cooperation between law enforcement agencies needs to be strengthened. There is a need to take a more holistic and partnership approach to tackling the problem. In this respect, UNODC fully recognizes the importance of mobilizing the support of NGOs, IGOs, governments and the community at large. Moral Issues 1. A human trafficking victim was rescued after of the tedious and mazy years of being slaved after his mother sold him for money. He was interviewed by the UNODC Country officer of Columbia. â€Å"When you’re a kid, it’s easy to be deceived.Each Su nday when I walked down from the town, where my mum had a business, they would urge me to go with them, telling me that I would have a really good time, that it was better to go with them than to keep on working. On my 12th birthday, they came back for me. My mum was away at work, so I took the chance and escaped with them †¦ Five months later I regretted being there, but there was no chance of leaving. Besides, they told my mum that I was dead, that they had already killed me †¦ just like happened to my cousin who went with the [military], and when she tried to escape, they caught her, sent her to the war council, and executed her.I had been on the 40th front for two months when I got wounded. It was very hard. I was †¦ in the middle of a combat situation, and I had to assemble a bomb to throw at the army, but I grabbed it with the wrong hand. The soldiers were burning me [shooting too close] and I changed the bomb from one hand to another, and it exploded and blew m y leg off †¦ In that moment I felt blood coming out of me, very fast, and I screamed when I saw it. I was legless. I screamed again, and then a guy †¦ grabbed me, but I fainted †¦ We surrendered on 20 July.We were very afraid because they warned us that the only thing we couldn’t do was to let ourselves get caught alive, or surrender to the military, because the first thing they would do to women was raping and torturing us, penetrate us with a wooden stick and then kill us †¦ Now my dream is that they help me to get back my leg, so I can walk again. After that I’d like to go to high school and then to the nursery school †¦ I’d like that. † Ximena, trafficking victim 2. Luana and Marcela are trafficking victims rescued by Brazilian NGO from a discursive life , they experienced being trapped by criminals and forced to prostitutions..Luana: â€Å"A friend of mine told me that a Spanish group was hiring Brazilian girls to work as dan cers on the island of Lanzarote. My friend Marcela and I thought it was a good opportunity to earn money. We didn? t want to continue working as maids. For a short while we only danced. But later they told us there had been too many expenses. And we would have to make some extra money. † Marcela: â€Å"We were trapped by criminals and forced into prostitution in order to pay debts for the trip. We had up to 15 clients per night. The use of condoms was the client? s decision, not ours.The criminals kept our passports and had an armed man in front of the ‘disco’ to make sure we never escaped. But a woman helped us. We went to the police and told everything. † Luana and Marcela, trafficking victims, interviewed by the Brazilian NGO Projeto Trama Maria Feranda is a victim of human trafficking in Colombia. â€Å"At that moment, my nightmare began. I was terrified when they showed me what I was expected to do—I felt I just couldn’t do it. I’ ve been through many things, but never something like that, so I told them that I wasn’tgoing to and that I was going back home.I was shocked when they told me that wasn’t possible—they said they had invested a lot of money in me, and I hadto work to pay them back, because I now belonged to the network. I thought about escaping, but I was afraid of being physically hurt or killed. I worked hard for six months, but they have no mercy on you †¦ they’re just demeaning. During this time, I was sold many times, and this happened every 10 days—sometimes I just didn’t know where I was. You’re like a commodity to them. † Maria Fernanda, Trafficking victim, interviewed by theUNODC Country Office in Colombia Conclusions Trafficking admits women, children and men basic freedom. Trafficking robs communities of potential productive members of society, and exposes victims to violence, injury, disease and death. Trafficking is a detriment to public health, both economically and in the potential for widespread health issues. The work of cutting off demand for human trafficking is complex and requires a range of partners working together around a shared rejection of products and services obtained by force, fraud, or coercion.While technology and social media is being leveraged in innovative ways to provide consumers with information and a way to connect with companies, for example, there remains a need to explore new methods of raising awareness about the nature and proximity of human trafficking. With greater understanding of the crime, and a clear tool or means to make a difference, consumers and businesses alike will be more likely to take steps to diminish the demand for forced labor. PROSTITUTIONS Prostitutions What is Prostitution? Prostitution  is commonly defined as the custom of having sexual relations in exchange for economic gain.Although the sex is traditionally traded for money, it can also be bartered for jewelry, clothing, vehicles, housing, food—anything that has  market value. It is typically seen as an aberrant way to make a living and is illegal in many countries. The word  prostitution  can also refer to any act that is considered demeaning or shameful. The term prostitute is customarily used to refer to a female person who engages in sex in exchange for money as a profession. Depending on the culture, the attitude toward the job, and the socio-economic region in which the business of  prostitution  is conducted, other terminology is often used.These monikers often include streetwalker, sex worker, hooker, escort, sex trade worker and commercial sex worker. Male prostitutes are generally considered less prevalent in the occupation. They are typically referred to as escorts or gigolos if their clientele is female. If they specialize in providing their services to men, rent boy or hustler are terms frequently used to describe them? Similar to most occupations , a prostitute may have an employer or work as an independent contractor. Men who market and sell  prostitution  services are usually referred to as pimps.Women with the same job description are commonly called madams. Both normally take a percentage of the prostitute’s income as payment for their promotional services. Prostitutes who work independently have the advantage of keeping all of their earnings. The presumed advantage of having representatives such as pimps and madams involved in the process are safety. These agents are generally expected to screen prospective clients to ensure the safety and security of their staff. Pimps, however, are frequently portrayed to be less than forthcoming with the agreed upon pay for prostitutes who work for them.In a significant number of cases, pimps have been known to physically and psychologically abuse their employees. Madams are less known for abuse, but are often accused of mishandling the funds of call girls in their employ. Depending upon the country and the culture,  prostitution  may be considered a legal or illegal profession. In areas where it is lawful, there are commonly rules imposed by governments to ensure local prostitutes practice safe sex in their business activities to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).The workers are also generally required to have regular physical exams to ensure they are healthy and pose no threat to their customers’ well-being. In regions where  prostitution  is deemed a crime, the punishment ranges from simple fines or short stints in jail to death. Some jurisdictions recognize the business transaction of prostitution  as legal, but make it difficult to lawfully practice by imposing restrictions on how and where it can be conducted. These controls commonly include the prohibition of pimping, running a brothel and publicly offering  prostitution  services. pic] [pic] â€Å"What does the Bible say about prostitution? Will God forgive a prostitute? † Prostitution is often referred to as the â€Å"oldest profession. † Indeed, it has always been a common way for women to make money, even in Bible times. The Bible tells us that prostitution is immoral. Proverbs 23:27-28says, â€Å"For a prostitute is a deep pit and a wayward wife is a narrow well. Like a bandit she lies in wait, and multiplies the unfaithful among men. † God forbids involvement with prostitutes because He knows such involvement is detrimental to both men and women. For the lips of an immoral woman drip honey, And her mouth is smoother than oil; But in the end she is bitter as wormwood, Sharp as a two-edged sword. Her feet go down to death, Her steps lay hold of hell† (Proverbs 5:3-5 NKJV). Prostitution not only destroys marriages, families, and lives, but it destroys the spirit and soul in a way that leads to physical and spiritual death. God's desire is that we stay pure and use our bodies as tools for His use and glory (Romans 6:13). First Corinthians 6:13says, â€Å"The body is not for sexual immorality but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. Although prostitution is sinful, prostitutes are not beyond God's scope of forgiveness. The Bible records His use of a prostitute named Rahab to further the fulfillment of His plan. As a result of her obedience, she and her family were rewarded and blessed (Joshua 2:1;6:17-25). In the New Testament, a woman who had been known for being a sexual sinner—before Jesus forgave and cleansed her from sin—found an opportunity to serve Jesus while He was visiting in the home of a Pharisee. The woman, recognizing Christ for who He is, brought a bottle of expensive perfume to Him.In regret and repentance, the woman wept and poured perfume on His feet, wiping it with her hair. When the Pharisees criticized Jesus for accepting this act of love from the â€Å"immoral† woman, He admonished them and accepted the woman's worship. Because of her faith, Christ had forgiven all her sins, and she was received into His kingdom (Luke 7:36-50). When speaking to those who refused to believe the truth about Himself, Jesus Christ said, â€Å"I tell you the truth, the tax collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.For John came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him† (Matthew 21:31-32). Just like anyone else, prostitutes have the opportunity to receive salvation and eternal life from God, to be cleansed of all their unrighteousness and be given a brand new life! All they must do is turn away from their sinful lifestyle and turn to the living God, whose grace and mercy are boundless. Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come! † (2 Corinthians 5:17). Moral Issues There was a lot of hue and cry about the statement of US Ambassador Harry Thomas at a recent judicial conference on human trafficking that 40 percent of foreign male tourists visit the Philippine for commercial sex. At first the ambassador refused to change his statement when asked by Philippine officials to apologize for it, but on Oct. 7 he relented and said he should not have used the â€Å"40 percent’’ statistic without the ability to back it up.But his statement has once again focused attention on the problem of sex trafficking and the sex trade in the Philippines. The fact is that the problem exists although right now we may not have accurate, verifiable statistics. Conclusion Prostitution is always going to be a pressing issue, and politicians will always have different opinions about it. Politicians are the ones who decide how their country stands in different questions, and that might cause misunderstandings. The laws and official opinions of a country do not always agree with the popu lation’s point of view.An example of that is Germany. The facts and the survey do not agree, and the facts are based on politicians, while the survey is based on regular people from Germany. That gave me an answer to my question. The question was: Why do Germany and Sweden have such different views on prostitution? And the answer simply is: Germany is not more liberal than Sweden concerning prostitution. They are more liberal concerning strict laws, and that is because of their history that they do not want to experience again. That also affected the politicians and their way of handleing their inhabitants.What is right and what is wrong is something you have to decide with your own moral and opinion. How society should hand’s prostitution is one of the issues I've been highly inconsistent on, flip-flopping between having strong opinions either way, to more ambivalent positions in the middle. A super-short summary of my process (chronologically) over the last two decad es: 1. It should be illegal because it is wrong to exploit people 2. It should be legal because the prohibition actually hurt the prostitutes 3.It should be illegal to consume, but not provide, since that would give the prostitute more power and enable persecution of the exploiters 4. It should be legal because regulation is more effective in minimizing harm, and at least consumption may be ethically defensible 5. It should be illegal because even though regulation helps some, it also increases the black market and causes more suffering as a whole, and is an expression of a structural oppression of women and homosexual men in our society. SLAVERY OF WHITE PEOPLE SLAVERY OF WHITE PEOPLEIn the history of mankind, slavery has been very common. Slavery can trace its history back in the ancient times. In the ancient times, slaves were sold to the highest bidder and they were employed without any compensation. Punishments were so savage for those slaves who went against their master's dem ands. Over the centuries, slavery has been very prominent. There was a time in history were Black Africans and Black Americans became domestic slaves at home. However, they were able to achieve their freedom against slavery. Nowadays, slavery is still commonly practiced in some countries.It is not completely abolished but it is less identifiable. It exists in many cultures. So, what is slavery? What is Slavery? Slavery is a condition in which people are forced to work and treated like the lowest form of creature. There are different types of slavery. You have the chattel slavery. This is the most traditional type of slavery in which people are treated like property. Slaves are sold and bought like goods. However, in this modern age, this type of slavery is the least common. Another type of slavery is forced labor.This type of slavery is very common in the past and even up to these days. An individual is left with no choice but to work against his will. This type of slavery used puni shments and violence against any slaves. Slavery of white People David Brion Davis writing in the New York Review of Books, Oct. 11, 1990, p. 37 states: â€Å"As late as the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, continuing shipments of white slaves, some of them Christians, flowed from the booming slave markets on the northern Black Sea coast into Italy, Spain, Egypt and the Mediterranean islands†¦From Barbados to Virginia, colonists.. , showed few scruples about reducing their less fortunate countrymen to a status little different from that of chattel slaves†¦ The prevalence and suffering of white slaves, serfs and indentured servants in the early modern period suggests that there was nothing inevitable about limiting plantation slavery to people of African origin. † L. Ruchames in â€Å"The Sources of Racial Thought in Colonial America,† states that â€Å"the slave trade worked in both directions, with white merchandise as well as black. † (Journal of Negro History, no. 52, pp. 251-273).In 1659 the English parliament debated the practice of selling British Whites into slavery in the New World. In the debate the Whites were referred to not as â€Å"indentured servants† but as â€Å"slaves† whose â€Å"enslavement† threatened the liberties of all Englishmen. (Thomas Burton, Parliamentary Diary: 1656-59, vol. 4, pp. 253-274). Foster R. Dulles in Labor in America quotes an early document describing White children in colonial servitude as â€Å"crying and mourning for redemption from their slavery. † Dr. Hilary McD. Beckles of the University of Hull, England, writes regarding White slave labor, â€Å"†¦ ndenture contracts were alienable†¦ the ownership of which could easily be transferred, like that of any other commodity†¦ as with slaves, ownership changed without their participation in the dialogue concerning transfer. † Beckles refers to â€Å"indentured servitude† as â€Å" White proto-slavery† (The Americas, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 21). In the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series; America and West Indies of 1701, we read of a protest over the â€Å"encouragement to the spiriting away of Englishmen without their consent and selling them for slaves, which hath been a practice very frequent and known by the name of kidnapping. (Emphasis added). In the British West Indies, plantation slavery was instituted as early as 1627. In Barbados by the 1640s there were an estimated 25,000 slaves, of whom 21,700 were White. (â€Å"Some Observations on the Island of Barbados,† Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, p. 528). It is worth noting that while White slaves were worked to death in Barbados, there were Carib-bean Indians brought from Guiana to help propagate native foodstuffs who were well-treated and re-ceived as free persons by the wealthy planters.Of the fact that the wealth of Barbados was founded on the backs of White slave labor there can be no doubt. White slave laborers from Britain and Ireland were the mainstay of the sugar colony. Until the mid-1640s there were few Blacks in Barbados. George Downing wrote to John Winthrop, the co-lonial governor of Massachusetts in 1645, that planters who wanted to make a fortune in the British West Indies must procure White slave labor â€Å"out of England† if they wanted to succeed. (Elizabeth Donnan, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America, pp. 25-126). â€Å"†¦ white indentured servants were employed and treated, incidentally, exactly like slaves†¦ â€Å"(Morley Ayearst, The British West Indies, p. 19). â€Å"The many gradations of unfreedom among Whites made it difficult to draw fast lines between any idealized free White worker and a pitied or scorned servile Black worker†¦ in labor-short seventeenth and eighteenth-century America the work of slaves and that of White servants were virtually inter-changeable in most ar eas. † (David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class, p. 5). In the Massachusetts Court of Assistants, whose records date to 1633, we find a 1638 description of a White man, one Gyles Player, as having been â€Å"delivered up for a slave. † The Englishman William Eddis, after observing White slaves in America in the 1770s wrote, â€Å"Gener-ally speaking, they groan beneath a worse than Egyptian bondage† (Letters from America, London, 1792). Governor Sharpe of the Maryland colony compared the property interest of the planters in their White slaves, with the estate of an English farmer consisting of a â€Å"Multitude of Cattle. The Quock Walker case in Massachusetts in 1 783 which ruled that slavery was contrary to the state Constitution, was applied equally to Blacks and Whites in Massachusetts. Patrick F. Moran in his Historical Sketch of the Persecutions Suffered by the Catholics of Ireland, re-fers to the transp ortation of the Irish to the colonies as the â€Å"slave-trade† (pp. 343-346). The disciplinary and revenue laws of early Virginia (circa 1631-1645) did not discriminate Negroes in bondage from Whites in bondage. (William Hening [editor], Statutes at Large of Virginia, vol. I, pp. 74, 198, 200, 243, 306. For records of wills in which â€Å"Lands, goods & chattels, cattle, moneys, ne-groes, English servants, horses, sheep and household stuff† were all sold together see the Lancaster County Records in Virginia Colonial Abstracts, Beverly Fleet, editor). Lay historian Col. A. B. Ellis, writing in the British newspaper Argosy (May 6, 1893): â€Å"Few, but read-ers of old colonial State papers and records, are aware that between the years 1649-1690 a lively trade was carried on between England and the plantations, as the colonies were then called, in politi-cal prisoners†¦ here they were sold by auction to the colonists for various terms of years, sometimes for life a s slaves. † Sir George Sandys’ 1618 plan for Virginia referred to bound Whites assigned to the treasurer’s of-fice to â€Å"belong to said office for ever. † The service of Whites bound to Berkeley’s Hundred was deemed â€Å"perpetual. † (Lewis Cecil Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, vol. I, pp. 316, 318). Certainly the enslaved Whites themselves recognized their condition with painful clarity.As one White man, named Abram, who was accused of trying to agitate a rebellion stated to his fellows, â€Å"Wherefore should wee stay here and be slaves? † In a statement smuggled out of the New World and published in London, Whites in bondage did not call themselves â€Å"indentured servants. † In their writing they referred to themselves as â€Å"England’s slaves† and England’s â€Å"merchandise. † (Marcellus Rivers and Oxenbridge Foyle, England’s Slavery, 1659).Eyewit nesses like Pere Labat who visited the West Indian slave plantations of the 17th century which were built and manned by White slaves labeled them â€Å"White slaves† and nothing less (Memoirs of Pere Labat, 1693-1705, p. 125). Even Blacks referred to the White forced laborers in the colonies as â€Å"white slaves. † (Colonial Office, Public Records Office, London, 1667, no. 170) Sot-Weed Factor, or, a Voyage to Maryland, a pamphlet circulated in 1708, articulates the plight of tens of thousands of pathetic young White girls kidnapped from England and enslaved in colonial America, lamenting that:In better Times e’er to this Land I was unhappily Trepan’d; Not then a slave†¦ But things are changed†¦ Kidnap’d and Fool’d†¦ † The height of academic and media fraud is revealed in the monopolistic trademark status the official controllers of education and mass communications have successfully established between the defini-tion of the word â€Å"slave† and the negro, while labeling descriptions of the historic experience of Whites in slavery a fallacy. Yet the very word â€Å"slave,† which the establishment’s consensus school of history pretends cannot legitimately be applied to Whites, is derived from the word Slav.According to the Ox-ford English Dictionary, the word slave is another name for the White people of eastern Europe, the Slavs. (Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, p. 2,858). In other words, slave has always been a term for and a definition of a servile condition of White people. Yet we are told by the professorcrats that it is not correct to refer to Whites as slaves but only as servants, even though the very root of the word is derived from the historical fact of White slav-ery. ConclusionSlavery is not something to be proud of but it is a fact that happened to every country, kingdom and empire that has been on this earth. Each of us needs to search our hear ts and find the answer to stop racial hatred. One place to begin; realize that the black race was not the only race in the last 400 years that was in bondage. PORNOGRAPHY Pornography What is Pornography? Pornography is the ‘explicit representation of sexual activity in print or on film to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings.    The following advice and help refers only to heterosexual pornography – that is men looking at women and, more rarely, women looking at men. Pornography is often distinguished from  erotica, which consists of the portrayal of sexuality with high-art aspirations, focusing also on feelings and emotions, while pornography involves the depiction of acts in a sensational manner, with the entire focus on the physical act, so as to arouse quick intense reactions.A distinction is also made between  hardcore  and  softcore pornography. Softcore pornography can generally be described as focusing on nude modeling and sugge stive, but not explicit, simulations of sexual intercourse, whereas hardcore pornography explicitly showcases penetrative intercourse. Pornography has often been subject to  censorship  and legal restraints to publication on grounds of  obscenity. Such grounds and even the definition of pornography have differed in various historical, cultural, and national contexts.With the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexuality and more specific legal definitions of obscenity, an industry for the  production  and consumption  of pornography arose in the latter half of the 20th century. The introduction of  home video  and the  Internet  saw booms in a worldwide porn industry that generates billions of dollars annually. History Depictions of a sexual nature are older than civilization as depictions such as the  venus figurines  and  rock art  have existed since  prehistoric  times. However the concept of pornography as understood today did not exist until the  Victorian era.For example the French  Impressionism  painting by  Edouard Manet  titled Olympia  was a nude picture of a French courtesan, literally a â€Å"prostitute picture†. It was controversial at the time. Nineteenth-century legislation eventually outlawed the publication, retail, and trafficking of certain writings and images regarded as pornographic and would order the destruction of shop and warehouse stock meant for sale; however, the private possession of and viewing of (some forms of) pornography was not made an offence until recent times.When large-scale excavations of  Pompeii  were undertaken in the 1860s, much of the  erotic art  of theRomans  came to light, shocking the Victorians who saw themselves as the intellectual heirs of the  Roman Empire. They did not know what to do with the frank depictions of  sexuality  and endeavored to hide them away from everyone but upper-class scholars. The moveable objects were locked away in the  Secret Museum  in  Naples  and what could not be removed was covered and cordoned off as to not corrupt the sensibilities of women, children, and the working classes.Fanny Hill  (1748) is considered â€Å"the first original English  prose  pornography, and the first pornography to use the form of the novel. † It is an  eroticnovel  by  John Cleland  first published in  England  as  Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. It is one of the most prosecuted and banned books in history. The authors were charged with â€Å"corrupting the King's subjects. † The world's first law criminalizing pornography was the British  Obscene Publications Act 1857  enacted at the urging of the  Society for the Suppression of Vice.The Act, which applied to the  United Kingdom and Ireland, made the sale of obscene material a statutory offence, giving the courts power to seize and destroy offending material. The Act did not apply to  Scotland, where the  common law  continued to apply; however, the Act did not define â€Å"obscene†, leaving this for the courts to determine. Prior to this Act, the publication of obscene material was treated as a  law misdemeanor   and effectively prosecuting authors and publishers was difficult even in cases where the material was clearly intended as pornography.The Victorian attitude that pornography was for a select few can be seen in the wording of the  Hicklin test  stemming from a court case in 1868 where it asks, â€Å"whether the tendency of the matter charged as obscenity is to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences. † Despite the fact of their suppression, depictions of erotic imagery were common throughout history. Pornographic film  production commenced almost immediately after the invention of the motion picture in 1895. Two of the earliest pioneers were  Eugene Pirou  and  Albert Kirchner.Kirchner directed the earl iest surviving pornographic film for Pirou under the trade name â€Å"Lear†. The 1896 film,  Le Coucher de la Mariee  showed Louise Willy performing a  striptease. Pirou's film inspired a genre of risque French films showing women disrobing and other filmmakers realised profits could be made from such films. Sexually explicit films were soon characterised as obscene and rendered illegal. Those that were made were produced underground by amateurs starting in the 1920s, primarily in France and the United States. Processing the film by commercial means was risky as was their distribution.Distribution was strictly private. Denmark  was the first country to legalize pornography in 1969, which led to an explosion of commercially produced pornography. It continued to be banned in other countries, and had to be smuggled in, where it was sold â€Å"under the counter† or (sometimes) shown in â€Å"members only† cinema clubs. A Biblical View of Pornography God crea ted men and women to be together – exclusively and happily. God created sex as a good gift in the security of a loving, committed marriage relationship. He ‘saw all that he had made, and it was very good. Sadly in the fallen world, pornography sends clear messages, generally to men, that faithful sexual attention to one woman is not necessary. There are many other women to look at: why only be satisfied with one? We can go to an art gallery and see a beautiful woman in a picture and admire her beauty. But that is not the message of pornography. Pornography seeks to stimulate sexual attraction to the image of a woman – any woman, saying, ‘This beautiful woman, whom you know nothing about, is there for you to satisfy your sexual desires – whatever they might be – at any time. Pornography uses the strong visual senses of men to promote lust, but promises the unreal, promoting false expectations of relationships and ignoring the realities of daily living for most men and women – the shopping, washing, ironing, and crying children. By ignoring the woman’s character and instead focusing on her body, pornography ‘exploits and dehumanises sex so that human beings are treated as things, and women, in particular as sex objects’ .Of course, pornography is packaged cleverly as glamorous, but in the cold light of day the Bible warns strongly about looking at other women (Proverbs 6:25, Matthew 5:28, Colossians 3:5) and being faithful in marriage (Hebrews 13:4). There are those who would see the Bible’s strong warnings on sexual purity as God being a killjoy. We need to remember that it was God who created the universe: He knows how it works and that what we see and think about is important. The warnings are given for a reason: the destructiveness of pornography on children and on human relationships.CARE regularly receives telephone calls and emails from people who themselves have a problem with porn ography or are seeing it in their family. Some would say ‘pornography is harmless fun’. How would they respond to a woman crying on the phone convinced that her husband’s use of pornography had led to the breakdown of their marriage? Or to another woman who said that she felt mentally abused by her husband who used pornography and wanted her to act in the same way as the women in the magazines, DVDs and videos? Pornography can seem far from harmless fun for the men (Christian and non-Christian) who feel trapped in a cycle of addiction.If anyone is a killjoy it is not the God of the Bible, but the publishers of pornography. The Issue of Pornography With more than 300,000 websites pertaining to pornography and new sites uploaded daily, any parent can see that we have a growing problem. The Internet is the cheapest, fastest way to get pornography out into an open market that is why it is considered the electronic playground. Before the Internet pornography was found in magazines behind the store counters, on movie channels, and was found in movies. Take a look at your favorite television show and see how many times a sexual situation comes up.The â€Å"sexual revolution† as some call it has taken off with the Internet. For example, try typing in www. whitehouse. com and see what pops up definitely not the White House. Students working on a history paper in school recently went to this site and found pornography instead of history. What a surprise for the students. This happens to more people than we think. If you accidentally click on a porn site several other pornographic sites also show up. In some cases these pornographic sites contain computer viruses which will attack your hard drive.At times, legislation drafted under the guise of protecting children, includes adults which infringes on freedom of speech. In addition to infringing on a legal adult's rights, it also impedes the on the economic gains related to the industry. Thus, co mmercialism and the economy are impacted as well. With the onset of new pornographic websites, most sites are beginning to charge their consumers. Not only does this lead to economic gain within the industry, but it also assists in minimizing the access of children to questionable material.Conclusion Virtually every man will struggle with pornography. Regardless of how hard we may want otherwise we are visual creatures by nature and with easy accessibility to porn it’s a battle that will keep men in the trenches their entire lives. And if we hope to end this cycle of addiction and sexual impurity not only must we heal ourselves it is up to us to raise the next generation of men to view sex, women, and pornography differently that what society says today. And my own son is a foremost constant reminder of that obligation.